Volume 11 Issue 3 ( September 2024)

Undoped and Neodymium (Nd)-doped Barium Titanate (BaTiO₃ or BT) with the general formula Ba_1-xNd_xTiO₃ (where x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20) were synthesized by the co-precipitation techniques to study their microstructure and dielectric characteristics. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) examination revealed that the undoped BT was tetragonal while Nd-doped BT structures were cubic. The positions of (101) main peaks shifted slightly with the change in doping concentrations. The other phases of impurities were observed in all Nd-doped samples. The lattice parameter, crystallite size, and tetragonality did not alter linearly with increasing Nd concentration due to Nd valency and oxidation state changes. FTIR spectra validated the attendance of Ba, Ti, and O contents in all undoped and doped samples and impurities in the Nd-doped samples. The density values of all Nd- doped samples were all higher than the undoped BT. The dielectric constant of the samples also varied with increasing Nd concentration, which was associated with the changeable crystal structure condition and the presence of impurities. The undoped BT demonstrated the highest dielectric constant of 906 due to its absence of impurity. Subsequently, the dielectric constants of Nd- doped samples were 426 (x=0.05), 809 (x=0.10), 610 (x=0.15), and 787 (x=0.20).

Keywords: Barium titanate, Neodymium (Nd)-doped Barium, crystal structure, atomic bonds, density, dielectric constant