Volume 11 Issue 4 ( December 2024)

As the global imperative to mitigate climate change grows, the cement industry becomes a focal point due to its significant carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This study seeks to evaluate the carbon emission factors associated with direct manufacturing, manufacturing processes, neat emissions, and the entire life cycle of cement production, with a special focus on raw material extraction and cement manufacturing within cement plants. This study uses a variety of units, including raw material extraction rates, fuel consumption metrics, electricity usage data, transportation distances, and concrete life cycle assessments, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the carbon footprint inherent in each stage of cement production. It is concluded that the carbon dioxide emission factor with clinker is 0.3838t/ton of limestone and 0.4373t/per ton of cement based on manufacturing neat emission and the life cycle of cement in the cement industries. By taking a comprehensive approach that considers both direct and indirect emissions, stakeholders can make decisions incorporating advanced technology, process modification, and sustainable materials and practices to reduce the carbon intensity of cement manufacturing while advancing sustainability goals.

Keywords: Carbon dioxide emission; Cement; Manufacturing Process; Limestone; Clinker