EVERGREEN

Joint Journal of Novel Carbon Resource Sciences and Green Asia Strategy

ISSN:2189-0420 (Print until Mar 2020)
ISSN:2432-5953 (Online)

SCImago Journal & Country Rank

Open Access
Scopus
Google Scholar
Crossref
SCImago Journal & Country Rank
4.3
2024CiteScore
 
69th percentile
Powered by Scopus
Metrics by SCOPUS 2024
CiteScore
4.3
SJR
0.391
SNIP
1.192

A Review of Hybrid Nanofluids: Emerging Trends and their Role in Enhancing Parabolic Trough Concentrators Performance

Vivek Rathore1,*, Sanjeev Kumar Gupta2
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, GLA University, Mathura, India
2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, GLA University Mathura, India
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
E-mail: vivek.rathore.example@university.edu (VR)
Evergreen, Vol. 12, Iss. 02, pp. 1250–1275, 2025
DOI: 10.5109/7363508
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Received: January 14, 2025 | Revised: April 21, 2025 | Accepted: April 28, 2025 | Published: June 2025
Abstract
The article examines how hybrid nanofluids can significantly improve the efficiency of PTC used in solar thermal energy applications. The aim is to evaluate recent advancements in hybrid nanofluids, focusing on their thermophysical properties and their impact on PTC efficiency. The objective is to provide a comprehensive analysis of thermal, optical, and rheological characteristics, identify research gaps, and propose future directions for optimizing PTC performance. By incorporating a mixture of different nanoparticles into a single base fluid, hybrid nanofluids achieve enhanced thermal properties and more efficient heat transfer than single-particle nanofluids, achieving thermal efficiency improvements of up to 2.8% in PTCs and 197% in solar collectors. Notably, Al₂O₃/water nanofluid at 3% concentration increased thermal efficiency by 28%, from 40.8% to 52.4%. The novelty lies in integrating nanoparticle functionalization, surfactant-assisted stabilization, and passive techniques like turbulators to enhance stability and exergy efficiency. Challenges such as long-term stability, viscosity-related pressure drops, and scalability are addressed, offering insights for sustainable solar energy harnessing and green hydrogen production.
Keywords
Hybrid nanofluid ; Parabolic trough concentrator ; Solar thermal energy ; Thermal conductivity ; Heat transfer enhancement ; Nanoparticles stability
Available Repositories
Journal DOI Zenodo Archive
Share Article
Article Metrics
--
Views
--
Downloads
--
Citations
Export Citation
BibTeX RIS Semantic Scholar CrossRef Mendeley Google Scholar
Full Text
Download PDF
References
  1. 1) S. Kumar, S. K. Gupta, & M. Rawat, "Resources and utilization of geothermal energy in India: An eco–friendly approach towards sustainability," Materials Today: Proceedings, 26, 1660-1665 (2020) doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.347
  2. 2) N. Kukreja, S. K. Gupta, & M. Rawat, "Performance analysis of phase change material using energy storage device," Materials Today: Proceedings, 26, 913-917 (2020) doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.139
  3. 3) S.U. Choi, & J. A. Eastman, Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles (No. ANL/MSD/CP-84938; CONF-951135-29). Argonne National Lab.(ANL), Argonne, IL (United States) (1995)
  4. 4) Z. Arifin, M. F. Hakimi, S. Hadi, S. D. Prasetyo,, & W. B. Bangun, "The Impact of CuO Nanofluid Volume Fraction on Photovoltaic-Thermal Collector (PV/T) Performance," Evergreen, 11 (3), 2342-2350 (2024) doi:10.5109/7236877
  5. 5) S. K. Gupta, & S. Pradhan, "A review of recent advances and the role of nanofluid in solar photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) system," Materials Today: Proceedings, 44, 782-791(2021) doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.708
  6. 6) https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review
  7. 7) N. Kumar, S. K. Gupta, & V. K. Sharma, "Application of phase change material for thermal energy storage: An overview of recent advances," Materials Today: Proceedings, 44, 368-375(2021) doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.745
  8. 8) S. Kumar, M. K. Rawat, S. Gupta, "An evaluation of current status of renewable energy sources in India," International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8 (10), 1234-1239 (2019) doi:10.35940/ijitee.G6004.0881019
  9. 9) W. N. Putra, M. Ariati, B. Suharno, S. Harjanto, & G. Ramahdita, "The Effect of Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulphonate Addition in Carbon Nanotube-Based Nanofluid Quenchant for Carbon Steel Heat Treatment," Evergreen, 11 (2), 1359-1365 (2024) doi:10.5109/7183447
  10. 10) S. Kaushik, A. K. Verma, S. Singh, et al., "Comparative Analysis of Fluid Flow Attributes in Rectangular Shape Micro Channel having External Rectangular Inserts with Hybrid Al2O3 + ZnO+ H2O Nano Fluid and (H2O) Base Fluid," Evergreen, 10 (2), 851-862 (2023) doi:10.5109/6792839
  11. 11) S. K. Gupta, H. Verma, & N. Yadav "A review on recent development of nanofluid utilization in shell & tube heat exchanger for saving of energy," Materials Today: Proceedings, 54, 579-589 (2022) doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.09.455
  12. 12) B. A. Shallal, E. Gedik, H. A. A. Wahhab, & M. G. Ajel, "Impact of Alumina nanoparticles additives on open-flow flat collector performance for PV panel thermal control application," Evergreen, 10 (2), 870-879 (2023) doi:10.5109/6792842
  13. 13) A. M. Sabri, N. Talib, A. S. A. Sani, & S. Kunar, "Investigation of Modified RBD Palm Oil-Based Hybrid Nanofluids as Metalworking Fluid," Evergreen, 11 (2), 797-805 (2024) doi:10.5109/7183360
  14. 14) S. K. Gupta, & S. Gupta, "The role of nanofluids in solar thermal energy: A review of recent advances," Materials Today: Proceedings, 44, 401-412(2021) doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.749
  15. 15) S. F. Moosavian, A. Hajinezhad, R. Fattahi, & A. Shahee, "Evaluating the effect of using nanofluids on the parabolic trough collector's performance," Energy Science & Engineering, 11 (10), 3512-3535 (2023) doi:10.1002/ese3.1537
  16. 16) S. K. Singh, A. K. Tiwari, and H K. Paliwal., "Techno-thermo-economic - environmental assessment of parabolic trough collectors using hybrid nanofluids," Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 45 (4), 10682-10696 (2023) doi:10.1080/15567036.2023.2248936
  17. 17) Y. Khetib, A. Alahmadi, A. Alzaed, M. Sharifpur, G. Cheraghian, & C. Siakachoma, "Simulation of a parabolic trough solar collector containing hybrid nanofluid and equipped with compound turbulator to evaluate exergy efficacy and thermal-hydraulic performance," Energy Science & Engineering, 10 (11), 4304-4317 (2022) doi:10.1002/ese3.975
  18. 18) O. Al-Oran, F. A. Lezsovits, "Hybrid Nanofluid of Alumina and Tungsten Oxide for Performance Enhancement of a Parabolic Trough Collector under the Weather Conditions of Budapest," Appl. Sci., 11, 4946 (2021) doi:10.3390/app11114946
  19. 19) D. P. Kshirsagar, & M. Venkatesh, "A review on hybrid nanofluids for engineering applications. Materials Today: Proceedings," 44, 744-755 (2020) doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.637
  20. 20) M. Muneeshwaran, G. Srinivasan, P. Muthukumar, & C. C. Wang, "Role of hybrid-nanofluid in heat transfer enhancement–A review," International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 125, 105341 (2021) doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.105341
  21. 21) M. A. Harun, N. A. C. Sidik, Y. Asako, & T. L. Ken, "Recent review on preparation method, mixing ratio, and heat transfer application using hybrid nanofluid," Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 95 (1), 44-53(2022) doi:10.37934/arfmts.95.1.4453
  22. 22) K.V. Modi, P. R. Patel, & S. K. Patel, "Applicability of mono-nanofluid and hybrid-nanofluid as a technique to improve the performance of solar still: A critical review," Journal of Cleaner Production, 387, 135875 (2023) doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.135875
  23. 23) M. Mubeena, S. M. Venthan, B. Chitra, et al., "A critical review on synthesis and application aspect of venturing the thermophysical properties of hybrid nanofluid for enhanced heat transfer processes," Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 210, 271-288 (2024) doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2024.08.027
  24. 24) N. S. Nordin,A. R. M. Kasim, I. Waini, et al., "Exploration of recent developments of hybrid nanofluids," Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 114 (2), 130-154 (2024)
  25. 25) S. K. Gupta, & S. Dixit, "Progress and application of nanofluids in solar collectors: An overview of recent advances," Materials Today: Proceedings, 44, 250-259 (2021) doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.462
  26. 26) S. Zaphar, M. Chandrashekara, & G. Verma, "Thermal analysis of an evacuated tube solar collector using a one-end stainless steel manifold for air heating applications under diverse operational conditions," Evergreen, 10 (2), 897- 911(2023) doi:10.5109/6792885
  27. 27) S. K. Gupta, "A short & updated review of nanofluids utilization in solar parabolic trough collector," Materials Today: Proceedings, (2023) doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.12.278
  28. 28) H. K. Sharma, S. Kumar, S. Kumar, S. K. Verma, "Performance investigation of flat plate solar collector with nanoparticle enhanced integrated thermal energy storage system," Journal of Energy Storage, 55 (C), 105681 (2022) doi:10.1016/j.est.2022.105681
  29. 29) Z. Leemrani, S. Marrakchi, H. Asselman, A. Asselman, "The study of the performance of a parabolic trough collector in the region of north-west of Morocco," Procedia Manuf., 22, 780-787 (2018) doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2018.03.111
  30. 30) K. R. Kumar, N. K. Chaitanya, & N. S. Kumar, "Solar thermal energy technologies and its applications for process heating and power generation–A review," Journal of Cleaner Production, 282, 125296 (2021) doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125296
  31. 31) V. K. Jebasingh, & G. J. Herbert, "A review of solar parabolic trough collector," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, 1085-1091 (2016) doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.043
  32. 32) N. A. Jamaluddin, N. Talib, & A. S. A. Sani, "Performance comparative of modified jatropha based nanofluids in orthogonal cutting process," Evergreen, 8 (2), 461-468 (2021) doi:10.5109/4480729
  33. 33) N.Talib, N. A. Jamaluddin, T. K. Sheng, et al. "Tribological study of activated carbon nanoparticle in nonedible nanofluid for machining application," Evergreen, 8 (2), 454-460 (2021) doi:10.5109/4480728
  34. 34) E. C. Okonkwo, I. Wole-Osho, I.W. Almanassra, Y. M. Abdullatif, T. Al-Ansari, "An updated review of nanofluids in various heat transfer devices," J. Therm. Anal. Calorim, 15, 1-56 (2020) doi:10.1007/s10973-020-09760-2
  35. 35) S.K. Gupta, S. Gupta, T. Gupta, A. Raghav, & A. Singh, "A review on recent advances and applications of nanofluids in plate heat exchanger," Materials Today: Proceedings, 44, 229-241 (2021) doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.460
  36. 36) S. P. Jang, S.U.S. Choi, "Role of Brownian motion in the enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluids," Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, 4316 (2004) doi:10.1063/1.1756684
  37. 37) N.A. C. Sidik, H. A. Mohammed, O. A. Alawi, & S. Samion, "A review on preparation methods and challenges of nanofluids," International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 54, 115-125 (2014) doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2014.03.002
  38. 38) S. Kaushik, V. Uniyal, A. K. Verma, et al., "Comparative experimental and cfd analysis of fluid flow attributes in mini channel with hybrid Cuo+ Zno+ H2O nano fluid and (H2O) base fluid," Evergreen, 10 (1), 182-195 (2023) doi:10.5109/6781069
  39. 39) S. Kumar, U. Pavan, S. Sandhya and D. Krishna Bhat. "A direct approach towards synthesis of copper nanofluid by one step solution phase method," Journal of Crystal Growth, 630, 127591 (2024) doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2024.127591
  40. 40) S. K. Gupta, S. Gupta, & R. Singh, "A comprehensive review of energy saving in shell & tube heat exchanger by utilization of nanofluids," Materials Today: Proceedings, 50, 1818-1826 (2022) doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.09.212
  41. 41) K. E. Ojaomo, S. Samion, & M. Z. M. Yusop, "Nano Bio-lubricant as a sustainable Trend in Tribology towards Environmental Stability: opportunities and challenges," Evergreen, 11 (1), 253-274 (2024) doi:10.5109/7172279
  42. 42) D. P. Kshirsagar, and V. M. Adisheshaiahshetty, "Synthesis of thermal and physical properties of biodegradable hybrid nano fluid using two step method," Applied Chemical Engineering, 7 (1), 1-18 (2024) doi:10.24294/ace.v7i1.3848
  43. 43) A. G. N. Sofiah, M. Samykano, A. K. Pandey, et al. "Immense impact from small particles: Review on stability and thermophysical properties of nanofluids," Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 48, 101635 (2021) doi:10.1016/j.seta.2021.101635
  44. 44) A. R. I. Ali, & B. Salam, "A review on nanofluid: preparation, stability, thermophysical properties, heat transfer characteristics and application," SN Applied Sciences, 2 (10), 1636 (2020) doi:10.1007/s42452-020-03427-1
  45. 45) S. K. Gupta, & A. Saxena, "A progressive review of hybrid nanofluid utilization in solar parabolic trough collector," Materials Today: Proceedings, (2023) doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2023.06.204
  46. 46) S. Mukherjee, P. C. Mishra, & P. Chaudhuri, "Stability of heat transfer nanofluids–a review," ChemBioEng Reviews, 5 (5), 312-333(2018) doi:10.1002/cben.201800008
  47. 47) W. Aich, F. Khlissa, B. M. Alshammari, & L. Kolsi, "Experimental study of graphene-based nanofluid dispersions stability for efficient heat transmission within a concentric tube heat exchanger," Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 59, 104523 (2024) doi:10.1016/j.csite.2024.104523
  48. 48) J. Li, X. Zhang, B. Xu, & M. Yuan, "Nanofluid research and applications: A review," International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 127, 105543 (2021) doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.105543
  49. 49) X. Ma, L. Yang, G. Xu, & J. Song, "A comprehensive review of MXene-based nanofluids: preparation, stability, physical properties, and applications," Journal of Molecular Liquids, 365, 120037 (2022) doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120037
  50. 50) C.Liu, Y. Yan, W. Sun, et al., "Preparation and thermophysical study on a super stable copper oxide/deep eutectic solvent nanofluid," Journal of Molecular Liquids, 356, 119020 (2022) doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119020
  51. 51) H. Guan, Q. Su, R. Wang, L. Huang, C. Shao, & Z. Zhu, "Why can hybrid nanofluid improve thermal conductivity more? A molecular dynamics simulation," Journal of Molecular Liquids, 372, 121178 (2023) doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121178
  52. 52) K. Mausam, A. Pare, S. K. Ghosh, A.K. Tiwari, "Thermal performance analysis of hybrid-nanofluid based flat plate collector using Grey relational analysis (GRA): An approach for sustainable energy harvesting," Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 37, 101609(2023) doi:10.1016/j.tsep.2022.101609
  53. 53) M. S. H. Ador, S. Kabir, F. Ahmed, F. Ahmad, & S. Adil, "Effects of minimum quantity lubrication (mql) on surface roughness in milling al alloy 383/adc 12 using nano hybrid cutting fluid," Evergreen, 9 (4), 1003-1020 (2023) doi:10.5109/6625790
  54. 54) H. Adun, M. Abid, D. Kavaz, Y. Hu, & J. H. Zaini, "Exploring the density characteristics of a novel Al2O3-ZnO-Fe3O4 ternary hybrid nanofluid through experimental research and constructing a predictive machine learning framework," Heliyon, (2024)
  55. 55) S. Q. Zhou, R. Ni, "Measurement of the specific heat capacity of water-based Al 2O3 nanofluid," Applied Physics Letter, 92 (9), 093123 (2008) doi:10.1063/1.2890431
  56. 56) A. F. Mahtab, and D. Shin, "Specific Heat Capacity of Solar Salt-Based Nanofluids: Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Experiment," Materials, 17 (2), 506 (2024) doi:10.3390/ma17020506
  57. 57) N. Ali, J. A. Teixeira, & A. Addali, "A review on nanofluids: fabrication, stability, and thermophysical properties," Journal of Nanomaterials, 2018 (1), 6978130 (2018) doi:10.1155/2018/6978130
  58. 58) K. Bijapur, S. Mandal, P. G. Siddheshwar, S. Bose, & G. Hegde, "Experimental investigation of a biomass-derived nanofluid with enhanced thermal conductivity as a green, sustainable heat-transfer medium and qualitative comparison via mathematical modelling," Nanoscale Advances, 6 (19), 4944-4955 (2024) doi:10.1039/D4NA00362D
  59. 59) M. Gupta, V. Singh, R. Kumar, & Z. Said, "A review on thermophysical properties of nanofluids and heat transfer applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 74, 638-670 (2017) doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.02.073
  60. 60) M. Pius, F. Francis, & S. A. Joseph, "Magnetic tunable thermal diffusivity of zinc ferrite/water nanofluid investigated using dual-beam thermal lens technique," Bulletin of Materials Science, 47 (3), 168 (2024) doi:10.1007/s12034-024-03236-x
  61. 61) M. A. Rahman, S. M M. Hasnain, S. Pandey, et al., "Review on nanofluids: preparation, properties, stability, and thermal performance augmentation in heat transfer applications," Acs Omega, 9 (30), 32328-32349 (2024) doi:10.1021/acsomega.4c03279
  62. 62) H. K. Sharma, S. Kumar, S. Kumar, & S. K. Verma, "Performance investigation of flat plate solar collector with nanoparticle enhanced integrated thermal energy storage system," Journal of Energy Storage, 55, 105681 (2022) doi:10.1016/j.est.2022.105681
  63. 63) S. O. Giwa, M. Sharifpur, M. H. Ahmadi, Sohel S. M. Murshed, & J. P. Meyer, "Experimental investigation on stability, viscosity, and electrical conductivity of water-based hybrid nanofluid of MWCNT-Fe2O3," Nanomaterials, 11 (1), 136 (2021) doi:10.3390/nano11010136
  64. 64) J. Subramani, P. K. Nagarajan, O. Mahian, & R. Sathyamurthy, "Efficiency and heat transfer improvements in a parabolic trough solar collector using TiO2 nanofluids under turbulent flow regime," Renewable Energy, 119, 19-31 (2018) doi:10.1016/j.renene.2017.11.079
  65. 65) P. Sivaraman, V. Kolandaivel, S. Rajendran, & R. Dhairiyasamy, "Enhancing thermal efficiency of parabolic trough collectors using SiO2 nanofluids: a comparative study of particle size impact on solar energy harvesting," Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 46 (1), 9155-9172 (2024) doi:10.1080/15567036.2024.2378174
  66. 66) K. Bashirnezhad, S. Bazri, M. R. Safaei, et al. "Viscosity of nanofluids: a review of recent experimental studies," International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 73, 114-123(2016) doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2016.02.005
  67. 67) L. S. Conrado, A. Rodriguez-Pulido, G. Calderón, "Thermal performance of parabolic trough solar collectors," Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 67, 1345-1359 (2017) doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.071
  68. 68) F. A. Ghaith, Haseeb-ul-Hassan Razzaq, "Performance of solar powered cooling system using Parabolic Trough Collector in UAE," Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 23, 21-32 (2017) doi:10.1016/j.seta.2017.08.005
  69. 69) A. N. Al-Shamani, M. H. Yazdi, et al., "Nanofluids for improved efficiency in cooling solar collectors – A review," Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 38, 348-367 (2014) doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.05.041
  70. 70) J. Jin, Y. Ling, Y. Hao, "Similarity analysis of parabolic-trough solar collectors," Applied Energy, 204, 958-965 (2017) doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.04.065
  71. 71) R. Malviya, A. Agrawal, & P. V. Baredar, "A comprehensive review of different heat transfer working fluids for solar thermal parabolic trough concentrator," Materials Today: Proceedings, 46, 5490-5500 (2021) doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.240
  72. 72) V. P. Kalbande, M. S. Choudhari, & Y. N. Nandanwar, "Hybrid nano-fluid for solar collector based thermal energy storage and heat transmission systems: a review," Journal of Energy Storage, 86, 111243 (2024) doi:10.1016/j.est.2024.111243
  73. 73) H. Tyagi, P. Phelan, R. Prasher, "Predicted efficiency of a low-temperature nanofluid based direct absorption solar collector," Journal of Solar Energy Engg., 131, 041004 (2009) doi:10.1115/1.3197562
  74. 74) M. Hatami, J. Geng, D. Jing, "Enhanced efficiency in Concentrated Parabolic SolarCollector (CPSC) with a porous absorber tube filled with metal nanoparticle suspension," Green Energy Environ., 3, 129-137 (2018) doi:10.1016/j.gee.2017.12.002
  75. 75) T. C. Paul, Morshed AKM M, J. A. Khan, "Nanoparticle enhanced ionic liquids (NEILS) as working fluid for the next generation solar collector," Procedia Engineering, 56, 631-636 (2013) doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2013.03.170
  76. 76) W. Ajbar, J. A. Hernández, A. Parrales, L. Torres, "Thermal efficiency improvement of parabolic trough solar collector using different kinds of hybrid nanofluids," Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 42, 102759 (2023) doi:10.1016/j.csite.2023.102759
  77. 77) M. A. Hamada, H. Khalil, M.M. Abou Al-Sood, S. W. Sharshir, "An experimental investigation of nanofluid, nanocoating, and energy storage materials on the performance of parabolic trough collector," Applied Thermal Engineering, 219 (A), 119450 (2023) doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119450
  78. 78) H. K. Pazarlıoğlu, R. Ekiciler, K. Arslan, N. A. M. Mohammed, "Exergetic, Energetic, and entropy production evaluations of parabolic trough collector retrofitted with elliptical dimpled receiver tube filled with hybrid nanofluid," Applied Thermal Engineering, 223, 120004 (2023) doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.120004
  79. 79) F. Vahidinia, H. Khorasanizadeh, A. Aghaei, "Energy, exergy, economic and environmental evaluations of a finned absorber tube parabolic trough collector utilizing hybrid and mono nanofluids and comparison," Renewable Energy, 205, 185-199 (2023) doi:10.1016/j.renene.2023.01.085
  80. 80) A. Mashhadian, M. M. Heyhat, O. Mahian, "Improving environmental performance of a direct absorption parabolic trough collector by using hybrid nanofluids," Energy Conversion and Management, 244, 114450 (2021) doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114450
  81. 81) M. Ouni, L. M. Ladhar, M. Omri, W. Jamshed, M. R. Eid, "Solar water-pump thermal analysis utilizing copper–gold/engine oil hybrid nanofluid flowing in parabolic trough solar collector: Thermal case study," Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 30, 101756 (2022) doi:10.1016/j.csite.2022.101756
  82. 82) O. Khaledi, S. Saedodin, S. H. Rostamian, "Energy, hydraulic and exergy analysis of a compound parabolic concentrator using hybrid nanofluid: An experimental study," International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 136, 106181 (2022) doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2022.106181
  83. 83) H. Adun, M. Adedeji, V. Adebayo, A. Shefik, O. Bamisile, et al., "Multi-objective optimization and energy/exergy analysis of a ternary nanofluid based parabolic trough solar collector integrated with kalina cycle," Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 231, 111322 (2021) doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2021.111322
  84. 84) M. Farooq, M. Farhan, G. Ahmad, Z. ul Rehman Tahir, "Thermal performance enhancement of nanofluids based parabolic trough solar collector (NPTSC) for sustainable environment," Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61 (11), 8943-8953 (2022) doi:10.1016/j.aej.2022.02.029
  85. 85) O. Al-Oran, A. A’saf, F. Lezsovits, "Experimental and modelling investigation on the effect of inserting ceria-based distilled water nanofluid on the thermal performance of parabolic trough collectors at the weather conditions of Amman: A case study," Energy Reports, 8, 4155-4169 (2022) doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2022.03.030
  86. 86) A. Nazir, A. Qamar, M. S. Rafique, et al., "Enhanced thermal conductivity of plasma generated ZnO–MgO based hybrid nanofluids: An experimental study," Heliyon, 10 (4) e26396 (2024) doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26396
  87. 87) H. A. Mohammed, H. B. Vuthaluru, S. Liu, "Thermohydraulic and thermodynamics performance of hybrid nanofluids based parabolic trough solar collector equipped with wavy promoters," Renewable Energy, 182, 401-426 (2022) doi:10.1016/j.renene.2021.09.096
  88. 88) S. Li, R. Saadeh, J. Madhukesh, U. Khan, G. Ramesh, A. Zaib, B. Prasannakumara, R. Kumar, A. Ishak, & E. M. Sherif, "Aspects of an induced magnetic field utilization for heat and mass transfer ferromagnetic hybrid nanofluid flow driven by pollutant concentration," Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 53, 103892 (2023) doi:10.1016/j.csite.2023.103892
  89. 89) H. Hanif, S. Shafie, & Z. T. Jagun, "Maximizing thermal efficiency of a cavity using hybrid nanofluid," Journal of Cleaner Production, 441, 141089 (2024) doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141089
  90. 90) M. AbdEl-Rady Abu-Zeid, Y. Elhenawy, M. Bassyouni, T. Majozi, M. Toderas, O. Al-Qabandi, & S. S. Kishk, "Performance enhancement of flat-plate and parabolic trough solar collector using nanofluid for water heating application," Results in Engineering, 21, 101673 (2024) doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2023.101673
  91. 91) A. Alhamayani, A., & M. Al-lehaibi, "The effect of adding hybrid nanoparticles (Al2O3–TiO2) on the performance of parabolic trough solar collectors using different thermal oils and molten salts," Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 59, 104593 (2024) doi:10.1016/j.csite.2024.104593
  92. 92) M. E.-A.Slimani, R. Sellami, M. Said, A. Bouderbal, "A novel hybrid photovoltaic/ thermal Bi-fluid (Air/Water) solar collector: an experimental investigation," Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Control Applications, 697-709 (2021)
  93. 93) A. A.Abdullah, F.S. Attulla, O.K. Ahmed, S. Algburi, "Effect of cooling method on the performance of PV/Trombe wall: Experimental assessment," Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog., 30, 101273 (2022) doi:10.1016/j.tsep.2022.101273
  94. 94) O. M. Abdulmajeed, A. A. Jadallah, G. A. Bilal, M. Arıcı, "Experimental investigation on the performance of an advanced bi-fluid photovoltaic thermal solar collector system," Sustain. Energy Technol. Assessments, 54, 102865 (2022) doi:10.1016/j.seta.2022.102865
  95. 95) T. K. Murtadha, "Effect of using Al2O3/TiO2 hybrid nanofluids on improving the photovoltaic performance," Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 47, 103112 (2023) doi:10.1016/j.csite.2023.103112
  96. 96) A. K. Tiwari, K. Chatterjee, & V. K. Deolia, "Application of copper oxide nanofluid and phase change material on the performance of hybrid photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) system," Processes, 11 (6), 1602 (2023) doi:10.3390/pr11061602
  97. 97) J. Subramani, P. K. Nagarajan, O. Mahian, & R. Sathyamurthy, "Efficiency and heat transfer improvements in a parabolic trough solar collector using TiO2 nanofluids under turbulent flow regime," Renewable Energy, 119, 19-31 (2018) doi:10.1016/j.renene.2017.11.079
  98. 98) P. Sepahvand, F. K. Andalib, & S. Noori, "Thermal efficiency enhancement of parabolic trough receivers using synthesized graphene oxide/SiO2 nanofluid and a rotary turbulator," International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 41 (7), 772-809 (2021) doi:10.1080/14786451.2021.1979001
  99. 99) S. Samiezadeh, R. Khodaverdian, M. H. Doranehgard, H. Chehrmonavari, & Q. Xiong, "CFD simulation of thermal performance of hybrid oil-Cu-Al2O3 nanofluid flowing through the porous receiver tube inside a finned parabolic trough solar collector," Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 50, 101888 (2022) doi:10.1016/j.seta.2021.101888
  100. 100) S. F. Moosavian, A. Hajinezhad, R. Fattahi, & A. Shahee, "Evaluating the effect of using nanofluids on the parabolic trough collector's performance," Energy Science & Engineering, 11 (10), 3512-3535 (2023) doi:10.1002/ese3.1537
  101. 101) M. T. Naimah, F. D. N. Pratama, & M. Ibadurrohman, "Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production Using Fe-Graphene/TiO2 Photocatalysts in the Presence of Polyalcohols as Sacrificial Agents," Evergreen, 09 (04), 1244 – 1251 (2022) doi:10.5109/6625736
  102. 102) Z. Kaipova, M. Satayev, D. Turgyn, Z. Ibraimova, & A. Latif, "Modern Status of Technology for Production of Highly Concentrated Methane by Biogas Purification." Evergreen, 11(4), 2969-2982 (2024)
  103. 103) S. K. Gupta, "A review on water–gas shift reactions energy production by carbon dioxide capture," Sustainable Utilization of Carbon Dioxide: From Waste to Product, 195-205 (2023) doi:10.1007/978-981-99-2890-3_8
  104. 104) Ying-Pin Chen, S. Bashir, J. Liu, "Chapter 7 - Carbon Capture and Storage∗," Advanced Nanomaterials and their Applications in Renewable Energy, 329-366 (2015)
  105. 105) S. Yasemi, Y. Khalili, A. Sanati, & M. Bagheri, "Carbon capture and storage: Application in the oil and gas industry," Sustainability, 15(19), 14486 (2023) doi:10.3390/su151914486
  106. 106) R. Salone, C. De Paola, R. Carbonari, et al., "High-resolution geoelectrical characterization and monitoring of natural fluids emission systems to understand possible gas leakages from geological carbon storage reservoirs," Scientific Reports, 13(1), 18585 (2023) doi:10.1038/s41598-023-45637-8
  107. 107) S. C. Karekar, T. Seiple, B. K. Ahring, & C. Fuller, "Assessing feasible H2–CO2 sources in the US as Feedstocks for Sustainable Aviation Fuel Precursors: Acetic Acid and Ethanol Production via Hydrogenotrophic Pathways," Journal of Environmental Management, 345, 118641 (2023) doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118641
  108. 108) S. K. Gupta, & A. Sharma, "A brief review of nanofluids utilization in heat transfer devices for energy saving," Materials Today: Proceedings, (2023) doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2023.03.364
  109. 109) W. Weng, L. Tang, & W. Xiao, "Capture and electro-splitting of CO2 in molten salts," Journal of Energy Chemistry, 28, 128-143 (2019) doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2018.06.012
  110. 110) M. Temiz, & I. Dincer, "A new integrated system for carbon capture and clean hydrogen production for sustainable societal utilization," Sustainable Cities and Society, 117, 105899 (2024) doi:10.1016/j.scs.2024.105899
  111. 111) C. Brady, M. E. Davis, & B. Xu, "Integration of thermochemical water splitting with CO2 direct air capture," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(50), 25001-25007 (2019)
  112. 112) T. Terlouw, L. Rosa, C. Bauer, & R. McKenna, "Future hydrogen economies imply environmental trade-offs and a supply-demand mismatch," Nature Communications, 15(1), 7043 (2024) doi:10.1038/s41467-024-51251-7
  113. 113) M. Voldsund, K. Jordal, & R. Anantharaman, "Hydrogen production with CO2 capture," International Journal of hydrogen energy, 41(9), 4969-4992 (2016) doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.01.009
  114. 114) V. V. Galvita, H. Poelman, & G. B. Marin, "Hydrogen production from methane and carbon dioxide by catalyst-assisted chemical looping," Topics in Catalysis, 54, 907-913 (2011) doi:10.1007/s11244-011-9709-7
  115. 115) D. Kim, Z. Liu, R. Anantharaman, et al., "Design of a novel hybrid process for membrane assisted clean hydrogen production with CO2 capture through liquefaction, Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 49, 127-132 (2022) doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-85159-6.50021-X
  116. 116) X. Li, L. Zhao, J. Yu, et al. "Water splitting: from electrode to green energy system," Nano-Micro Letters, 12, 1-29 (2020) doi:10.1007/s40820-020-00469-3
  117. 117) H. Idriss, "Hydrogen production from water: past and present," Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, 29, 74-82 (2020) doi:10.1016/j.coche.2020.05.009
Other Papers in This Issue