EVERGREEN

Joint Journal of Novel Carbon Resource Sciences and Green Asia Strategy

ISSN:2189-0420 (Print until Mar 2020)
ISSN:2432-5953 (Online)

SCImago Journal & Country Rank

Open Access
Scopus
Google Scholar
Crossref
SCImago Journal & Country Rank
4.3
2024CiteScore
 
69th percentile
Powered by Scopus
Metrics by SCOPUS 2024
CiteScore
4.3
SJR
0.391
SNIP
1.192

Natural Frequency and Damping Properties of Composite Sandwich Materials Manufactured using Vacuum-Assisted Resin Infusion, Vacuum Bagging, and Hand Lay-Up

Afid Nugroho1,*, Nur Mufidatul Ula1, Nurul Lailatul Muzayadah1, Muksin Muksin1, Mikhael Gilang Pribadi Putra Pratama1, Yusuf Giri Wijaya1
1Research Organization for Aeronautics and Space, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
E-mail: afid.nugroho.example@university.edu (AN)
Evergreen, Vol. 12, Iss. 02, pp. 628–634, 2025
DOI: 10.5109/7363464
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Received: January 30, 2024 | Revised: January 24, 2025 | Accepted: April 01, 2025 | Published: June 2025
Abstract
Vibration testing was conducted on composite sandwich structures manufactured using different fabrication techniques, including vacuum-assisted resin infusion, vacuum bagging, and hand lay-up. Two carbon fiber orientations—twill and unidirectional—were evaluated, with each classification further analyzed in three-layer configurations: 2C2, 3C3, and 4C2. Vinyl ester resin was employed as the matrix, while Divinycell foam served as the core material. Experimental results indicated that structures with unidirectional fibers exhibited higher fundamental frequencies compared to those with twill fibers. Among the manufacturing techniques, vacuum-assisted resin infusion produced composites with the highest natural frequency across all sample variations. The damping ratio values showed significant variability, with the 3C3 configuration demonstrating a reduced damping ratio compared to other sample variations across fiber types and manufacturing methods. Further research is required to investigate discrepancies in sample behavior, fabrication methodologies, and evaluation techniques.
Keywords
Damping properties ; Sandwich Composite Material ; Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion ; Vacuum Bagging ; Hand Lay-up
Available Repositories
Journal DOI Zenodo Archive
Share Article
Article Metrics
--
Views
--
Downloads
--
Citations
Export Citation
BibTeX RIS Semantic Scholar CrossRef Mendeley Google Scholar
Full Text
Download PDF
References
  1. 1) M.K.Gupta, V. Singhal, and N.S. Rajput, "Applications and challenges of carbon-fibres reinforced composites: a review," Evergreen, 9 (3) 682-693 (2022) doi:10.5109/4843099
  2. 2) S.W.Park, and D.G. Lee, "Adhesion characteristics of carbon black embedded glass/epoxy composite," J. Adhes. Sci. Technol., 24 (4) 755-773 (2010) doi:10.1163/016942409X12579497420807
  3. 3) N.K.Yadav, N.S. Rajput, S. Kulshreshtha, and M.K. Gupta, "Investigation of the mechanical and wear properties of epoxy resin composite (ercs) made with nano particle tio2 and cotton fiber reinforcement," Evergreen, 10 (1) 63-77 (2023) doi:10.5109/6781041
  4. 4) S.Bindu, M.P. Kumar, and K.M. Vinay, "Development and mechanical properties evaluation of basalt-glass hybrid composites," Evergreen, 10 (03) 1341-1348 (2023) doi:10.5109/7151681
  5. 5) D.Choudhari, and V. Kakhandki, "Characterization and analysis of mechanical properties of short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide66 composites," Evergreen, 8 (4) 768-776 (2021) doi:10.5109/4742120
  6. 6) K.Abdurohman, T. Satrio, N.L. Muzayadah, and Teten, "A comparison process between hand lay-up, vacuum infusion and vacuum bagging method toward e-glass ew 185/lycal composites," J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 1130 (1) 012018 (2018) doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1130/1/012018
  7. 7) A.A.Talabari, M.H. Alaei, and H.R. Shalian, "Experimental investigation of tensile properties in a glass/epoxy sample manufactured by vacuum infusion, vacuum bag and hand layup process," Rev. Des Compos. Des Mater. Av., 29 (3) 179-182 (2019) doi:10.18280/RCMA.290308
  8. 8) G.Rajeshkumar, and S.A. Seshadri, "Influence of fiber length and content on the free vibration and damping characteristics of nanofiller-added natural fiber-based polymer composites," Vib. Damping Behav. Biocomposites, 81-91 (2022) doi:10.1201/9781003173625-5
  9. 9) J.Liu, and J. Li, "The effects of fiber volume fraction on the vibration damping characteristics of three-layer-connected biaxial weft knitted fabric reinforced composite materials," Adv. Mater. Res., 602-604 49-52 (2013) doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.602-604.49
  10. 10) E.Sarlin, Y. Liu, M. Vippola, M. Zogg, P. Ermanni, J. Vuorinen, and T. Lepistö, "Vibration damping properties of steel/rubber/composite hybrid structures," Compos. Struct., 94 (11) 3327-3335 (2012) doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.04.035
  11. 11) D.S.Patil, and M.M. Bhoomkar, "Investigation on mechanical behaviour of fiber-reinforced advanced polymer composite materials," Evergreen, 10 (1) 55-62 (2023) doi:10.5109/6781040
  12. 12) S. Ray, "Effect of control parameters on erosion wear performance of glass-epoxy composites filled with waste marble powder," Evergreen, 9 (1) 23-31 (2022) doi:10.5109/4774213
  13. 13) S.S. Chavan, "Study on vibration analysis of composite plate," Int. J. Res. Sci. Innov., 1 (8) 407-410 (2014)
  14. 14) P. Nayak, "Vibration analysis of woven fiber glass/epoxy composite plates," M.Tech. thesis, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India (2008)
  15. 15) M. Bulut, A. Erkliğ, and E. Yeter, "Experimental investigation on influence of Kevlar fiber hybridization on tensile and damping response of Kevlar/glass/epoxy resin composite laminates," J. Compos. Mater., 50 (14) 1875-1886 (2016) doi:10.1177/0021998315597552
  16. 16) Q. Li, and D. Yang, "Vibration and sound transmission performance of sandwich panels with uniform and gradient auxetic double arrowhead honeycomb cores," Shock Vib., 2019 6795271 (2019) doi:10.1155/2019/6795271
  17. 17) N. Wagner, and R. Helfrich, "Dynamic vibration absorbers and its applications," Proc. NAFEMS World Congr., Stockholm, Sweden, 11-14 June (2017)
  18. 18) P. Lenk, and G. Coult, "Damping of glass structures and components," Challenging Glass Conf. Proc., 2 341-350 (2010) doi:10.7480/CGC.2.2422
  19. 19) G. Fairlie, and J. Njuguna, "Damping properties of flax/carbon hybrid epoxy/fibre-reinforced composites for automotive semi-structural applications," Fibers, 8 (10) 64 (2020) doi:10.3390/fib8100064
  20. 20) N.M. Ula, Y. G. Wijaya, Muksin, P. P. P. Mikhael Gilang, N. L. Muzayadah, and R. A. Ramadhan, "Vibration characteristics investigation of sandwich composite materials of unidirectional and twill carbon fibers," Meas. Sensors, 18 100230 (2021) doi:10.1016/J.MEASEN.2021.100230
  21. 21) D. Bender, J. Schuster, and D. Heider, "Flow rate control during vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) processing," Compos. Sci. Technol., 66 (13) 2265-2271 (2006) doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.12.008
  22. 22) M.R. Ricciardi, et al., "A new cost-saving vacuum infusion process for fiber-reinforced composites: pulsed infusion," J. Compos. Mater., 48 (11) 1365-1373 (2014) doi:10.1177/0021998313485998
  23. 23) P. Meshram, S. Sahu, M.Z. Ansari, and S. Mukherjee, "Study on mechanical properties of epoxy and nylon/epoxy composite," Mater. Today Proc., 5 (2) 5925-5932 (2018) doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2017.12.192
  24. 24) S. Mohan Kumar, K.R. Ravikiran, and H.K. Govindaraju, "Development of E-glass woven fabric / polyester resin polymer matrix composite and study of mechanical properties," Mater. Today Proc., 5 (5) 13367-13374 (2018) doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2018.02.329
  25. 25) H. Koruk, and K.Y. Sanliturk, "On measuring dynamic properties of damping materials using Oberst beam method," ASME 2010 10th Bienn. Conf. Eng. Syst. Des. Anal. (ESDA2010), 2 127-134 (2010) doi:10.1115/ESDA2010-24452
  26. 26) A. Shahdin, J. Morlier, L. Mezeix, C. Bouvet, and Y. Gourinat, "Evaluation of the impact resistance of various composite sandwich beams by vibration tests," Shock Vib., 18 (6) (2011) doi:10.3233/SAV-2010-0597
  27. 27) J.L. Wojtowicki, L. Jaouen, and R. Panneton, "New approach for the measurement of damping properties of materials using the Oberst beam," Rev. Sci. Instrum., 75 (8) 2569-2574 (2004) doi:10.1063/1.1777382
  28. 28) S. Carmichael, "Estimating damping values using the half power method," Tech Brief, Integrated Systems Research, Inc., April (2015)
  29. 29) X.Y. Pei, and J.L. Li, "The effects of fiber orientation on the vibration modal behavior of carbon fiber plain woven fabric/epoxy resin composites," Adv. Mater. Res., 391-392 345-348 (2012) doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.391-392.345
  30. 30) H.W. He, F. Gao, and K.X. Li, "Effect of epoxy resin properties on the mechanical properties of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites," Int. J. Mater. Res., 104 (9) 899-902 (2013) doi:10.3139/146.110937
  31. 31) J.M. Tang, W.I. Lee, and G.S. Springer, "Effects of cure pressure on resin flow, voids, and mechanical properties," J. Compos. Mater., 21 (5) 421-440 (1987) doi:10.1177/002199838702100502
  32. 32) A. Krzyzak, M. Mazur, M. Gajewski, K. Drozd, A. Komorek, and P. Przybyłek, "Sandwich structured composites for aeronautics: methods of manufacturing affecting some mechanical properties," Int. J. Aerosp. Eng., 2016 7816912 (2016) doi:10.1155/2016/7816912
Other Papers in This Issue