EVERGREEN

Joint Journal of Novel Carbon Resource Sciences and Green Asia Strategy

ISSN:2189-0420 (Print until Mar 2020)
ISSN:2432-5953 (Online)

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Residual Energy and Quality of Service Parameters based Optimization of Congestion-Aware Machine Learning Algorithms

Shallu Hassija1, Sunil Sikka1, Meenu Vijarania2
1Computer Science & Engineering, Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley, Pachgaon, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana 122413, India
2School of Engineering and Technology, Kr. Mangalam University, Gurugram, India, India
Evergreen, Vol. 12, Iss. 02, pp. 792–805, 2025
DOI: 10.5109/7363476
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Received: September 02, 2024 | Revised: January 28, 2025 | Accepted: April 21, 2025 | Published: June 2025
Abstract
This paper presents a pioneering approach employing machine learning techniques to optimize routing algorithms in wireless networks, focusing on dynamic route adaptation while considering residual energy and quality of service (QoS) parameters. The proposed algorithm, Congestion-Aware Routing Optimization (CARO), utilizes a supervised learning model integrated with a hybrid decision-making framework to predict residual energy and prioritize routes accordingly. CARO employs a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) for energy prediction and a random forest model for QoS parameter optimization, ensuring robust decision-making under varying network conditions. Through extensive experimentation, the algorithm achieved a high accuracy of 90% for residual energy prediction, with a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.0752 and an R-squared value of -0.0084. For QoS parameter prediction, CARO demonstrated an MSE of 0.0852 and an R-squared value of 0.0024. These findings underscore the effectiveness of CARO in enhancing network performance by intelligently managing residual energy levels and maintaining QoS standards, offering significant advancements in congestion-aware routing optimization.
Keywords
Routing Algorithm ; Machine Learning ; R-squared ; Congestion Awareness ; Wireless Networks ; Residual Energy Prediction ; Quality of Service (QoS) Parameter Prediction
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References
  1. 1) Pseudocode for CARO Algorithm:
  2. 2) Performance Evaluation:
  3. 3) Enhancing Reproducibility
  4. 4) Residual Energy Prediction Performance
  5. 5) QoS Parameter Prediction Performance
  6. 6) Improvements Over Baseline Protocols
  7. 7) Energy Conservation and Throughput
  8. 8) Algorithm Scalability and Robustness
  9. 9) Residual Energy Prediction Performance
  10. 10) QoS Parameter Prediction Performance
  11. 11) Comparative Performance Analysis
  12. 12) Scalability and Robustness
  13. 13) Quality of Service (QoS)
  14. 14) Limitations and Future Improvements
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