EVERGREEN

Joint Journal of Novel Carbon Resource Sciences and Green Asia Strategy

ISSN:2189-0420 (Print until Mar 2020)
ISSN:2432-5953 (Online)

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Comparative Study of Wave Damping on Vertical Wall and Split Chamber Breakwater

Rizaldi Caesar Yuniardi1,*, Raka Firmansyah1, Ika Wulandari1, Dinar Catur Istiyanto1, Sungsang Urip Sujoko2, Aris Subarkah2, Shafan Abdul Aziiz1, Affandy Hamid1, Yofan Tahamano D. Harita1, Suranto1
1Research Center for Hydrodynamics Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
2Directorate of Laboratory Management, Research Facilities, and Science and Technology Park, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
E-mail: riza005@brin.go.id (RCY)
Evergreen, Vol. 12, Iss. 04, pp. 2100–2111, 2025
DOI: 10.5109/7402640
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Received: May 28, 2025 | Revised: August 04, 2025 | Accepted: December 17, 2025 | Published: December 2025
Abstract
Ocean waves are a form of energy that propagates. To protect coastal areas, a structure capa-ble of dissipating this energy is needed. Coastal protection structures may reduce the poten-tial damage caused by wave forces in coastal areas by absorbing wave energy. The Split Chamber is an alternative structure consisting of many chambers attached to the sea-front face of a vertical breakwater designed to reduce wave energy. This study employs physical modeling to evaluate the wave energy damping capability of the Split Chamber structure by comparing wave heights at the front face of the breakwater, with and without a split chamber. Experimental studies were conducted with sinusoidal regular waves (period T=2.4 s; 3.2 s and height H=4 cm, 8 cm, 12 cm) and irregular waves (period T=2.4s; 3.2s and significant height Hs=4 cm, 8 cm, 12 cm) in a laboratory scale. Physical modeling results show that the Split Chamber performs greater damping to shorter wave periods for both regular and irregular waves (20.68% for regular wave T 2.4 s, 9.73% for regular wave T=3.2 s, 32.06% for irregular wave T=2.4 s, and 24.83% for irregular wave T 3.2 s). Regarding the reflection coefficient (Cr), the split chamber shows a potential reduction of about 10 to 40% for regular waves and about 85% to 100% for irregular waves in comparison to the vertical wall breakwater. The Split Chamber structure can dissipate wave energy by up to 20.44% at a wave period of 3.2 s.
Keywords
coastal protection; ocean waves; physical modeling; split chamber; wave dissipation
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