EVERGREEN

Joint Journal of Novel Carbon Resource Sciences and Green Asia Strategy

ISSN:2189-0420 (Print until Mar 2020)
ISSN:2432-5953 (Online)

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Design Strategies for Off-Street Parking in High-Density Industrial Areas: A Case Study of Industrial Estates in Indonesia

Tetty Sulastry Mardiana1,*, Mutharuddin1, Purwoko2, Novi Irawati1, Subaryata1, Herma Juniati2, Tania Andari3, Hasriwan Putra2, Nurul Aldha Maulidina Siregar4
1Research Centre for Transportation Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
2Research Center for Social Welfare, Village and Connectivity, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
3Directorate of Economic Policy, Employment and Regional Development, Deputy for Development Policy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
4Archaeological, Environmental, Maritime, and Sustainable Cultural Research Center, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
E-mail: tetty_sulastry@yahoo.com (TSM)
Evergreen, Vol. 13, Iss. 02, pp. 569–582, 2026
DOI: 10.5109/7420069
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Received: May 26, 2025 | Revised: September 11, 2025 | Accepted: December 16, 2025 | Published: June 2026
Abstract
The rapid growth of industrial zones has led to increased freight traffic and severe parking shortages, particularly in high-density areas like Jababeka Industrial Estate, West Java, Indonesia. This study aims to quantify the parking space requirements for logistics vehicles and propose an optimized off-street parking design to improve traffic flow and safety. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining field surveys, vehicle counts, driver interviews, and spatial mapping during peak hours over three consecutive weekdays. The analysis used Parking Space Units (PSU), and Parking Space Requirements (PSR) to determine that 11,637 m² (plus a 30% reserve) is needed to relocate roadside-parked trucks. The proposed off-street facility can accommodate 203 wing box trucks or single-axle, 113 passenger cars and 350 motorcycles, with essential amenities for drivers. This research contributes a data-driven framework for industrial estate managers and policymakers to design sustainable parking facilities, reducing congestion, fuel consumption, and emissions in densely industrialized regions.
Keywords
industrial areas; off street parking; on street parking; Parking Space Units (PSU) and Parking Space Requirement (PSR)
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