EVERGREEN

Joint Journal of Novel Carbon Resource Sciences and Green Asia Strategy

ISSN:2189-0420 (Print until Mar 2020)
ISSN:2432-5953 (Online)

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Rapid Mapping of Morphological Change Following the 2024 Ruang Volcano Eruption Using Multi-sensor Remote Sensing Imagery

Donna Monica1,*, Imam Santoso1, Suwarsono Suwarsono1, Yenni Vetrita1, Arum Tjahyaningsih1, Farikhotul Chusnayah2, Rido Dwi Ismanto3, Rahmadi Rahmadi1, Heruningtyas Desi Purnamasari4, Herlan Darmawan5
1Research Center for Geoinformatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
2Research Center for Hydrodynamics Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
3Research Center for Computation, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
4Center of Volcanology and Geological, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Indonesia
5Laboratory of Geophysics, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
E-mail: donnamonnica@gmail.com (DM)
Evergreen, Vol. 12, Iss. 03, pp. 1426–1437, 2025
DOI: 10.5109/7388839
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Received: October 02, 2024 | Revised: July 02, 2025 | Accepted: August 15, 2025 | Published: September 2025
Abstract
Ruang Volcano in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, experienced two significant eruptions in April 2024, producing widespread pyroclastic flows and sulfur dioxide emissions that affected areas over 90 km away. Ruang volcano has a history of deathly eruption in 1871 when a tsunami was triggered and caused the deaths of over 400 people. Such history underlines the need to monitor the recent Ruang volcanic activities and associated risks closely. This study demonstrates the integration of high-resolution PlanetScope optical imagery and Sentinel-1A SAR data for near real-time assessment of morphological changes during the 2024 eruption. We show that this multi-sensor approach provides complementary insights: Visual inspection on PlanetScope data captures fine-scale surface features, while interferometric and backscatter analysis on the cloud-penetrating Sentinel-1A data reveals deformation information. Our analysis reveals substantial shoreline expansion (20–70 meters) and elevation changes (−0.341 to 0.138 meters) along Ruang’s east and west coasts. These coastal morphological shifts may enhance the risk of tsunami generation, particularly under future scenarios involving flank collapse or continued deformation. The results show the potential of integrated remote sensing frameworks for rapid hazard assessment and early warning in volcanically active regions.
Keywords
Sentinel-1A ; remote sensing ; PlanetScope ; Ruang volcano ; quick response monitoring
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