This research aims to evaluate earthquake vulnerability in the Padaherang Subdistrict by utilizing microtremor measurements, focusing on the area's geological characteristics. The presence of soft and thick sediment layers, particularly alluvial deposits and sedimentary rocks, significantly contributes to an elevated earthquake risk, potentially exacerbating structural damage. The Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method, combined with HVSR curve inversion, is employed to analyze seismic parameters. Key parameters include dominant frequency, amplification factor, seismic vulnerability index, ground shear strain, shear wave velocity at a depth of 30 meters (Vs30), and sediment layer thickness. These parameters provide a detailed understanding of the subsurface structure and the region’s vulnerability to seismic activity. The results reveal variations in dominant frequency values from 0.3042 Hz to 15.09 Hz, amplification factors from 1.524 to 12.55, seismic vulnerability indices from 0.2 to 376.1, ground shear strain from 9.903 × 10⁻⁶ to 1.778 × 10⁻², Vs30 from 42.77 m/s to 764.1 m/s, and sediment layer thickness ranging from 5.838 to 233.4 meters. The findings indicate that the eastern and southeastern parts of the Padaherang Subdistrict are particularly vulnerable to seismic activity, with the potential for cracks, ground subsidence, and other structural deformations. These insights contribute to a more effective disaster risk management strategy and microzonation planning for the region.