EVERGREEN

Joint Journal of Novel Carbon Resource Sciences and Green Asia Strategy

ISSN:2189-0420 (Print until Mar 2020)
ISSN:2432-5953 (Online)

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Mechanical Properties of Carbon/epoxy-HA Hybrid Composites for Potential External Fixation Bone Plates

Harini Sosiati1,*, Ananda Artha Nur Aziz2, Ryan Naufal Wicaksono2, Ankas Pamasti2, Rahmad Kuncoro Adi2, Sudarisman Sudarisman2, Aris Widyo Nugroho2, Dwi Gustiono3
1Yogyakarta, Jl. Brawijaya, Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta 55183, Indonesia, Indonesia
2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Jl. Brawijaya, Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta 55183, Indonesia, Indonesia
3Research Center for Advanced Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
E-mail: hsosiati@ft.umy.ac.id (HS)
Evergreen, Vol. 12, Iss. 03, pp. 1564–1574, 2025
DOI: 10.5109/7388849
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Received: January 16, 2025 | Revised: July 21, 2025 | Accepted: July 27, 2025 | Published: September 2025
Abstract
Lightweight materials that are biocompatible, have high mechanical strength, and low stiffness close to those of human cortical bones are required to replace high-strength metallic bone plates. This study investigated hybrid composites made of treated woven carbon fiber (TC) to reinforce epoxy resin (E) filled with hydroxyapatite (HA), which varied by 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 vol.% to produce the composite type with mechanical properties close to cortical bone. Mechanical tests of tensile, bending, and hardness were conducted on all composites and characterized their properties. The composite type of TC/E-HA1 had the optimum tensile and flexural strengths. All composite types included Young's modulus, flexural modulus, and fracture strain in the range of cortical bone properties, while their mechanical strength was higher but not higher than that of metallic bone plates. This study suggests that this TC/E-HA composite type could be developed as an alternative material for external fixation bone plates.
Keywords
mechanical properties ; carbon fiber ; HA ; epoxy resin ; hybrid composite ; external fixation bone plate
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