EVERGREEN

Joint Journal of Novel Carbon Resource Sciences and Green Asia Strategy

ISSN:2189-0420 (Print until Mar 2020)
ISSN:2432-5953 (Online)

SCImago Journal & Country Rank

Open Access
Scopus
Google Scholar
Crossref
SCImago Journal & Country Rank
4.3
2024CiteScore
 
69th percentile
Powered by Scopus
Metrics by SCOPUS 2024
CiteScore
4.3
SJR
0.391
SNIP
1.192


Microsimulation-Based Traffic Performance Evaluation of an Urban Intersection: A Case Study from South Tangerang, Indonesia

Asep Yayat Nurhidayat1,*, Yustina Niken Raharina Hendra1, Annissa Roschyntawati1, Maharani Almira Salsabilla1, Suci Putri Primadiyanti1, Nur Fitriana1
1Research Centre for Transportation Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Mh. Thamrin Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
E-mail: asep050@brin.go.id (AYN)
Received: September 15, 2025 | Revised: March 14, 2026 | Accepted: June 02, 2026 | Published: June 2026
Abstract
This study analyzes signalized-intersection performance in Bumi Serpong Damai using calibrated VISSIM microsimulation based on peak-hour traffic, geometric data, and signal-timing parameters. Model accuracy was ensured through iterative behavioural calibration and R² validation. Optimisation scenarios involving revised phase plans and green-time allocation produced clear improvements, including reduced delay, stop frequency, queue length, and emissions. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of data-driven signal-timing strategies and provide a transferable framework for intersection optimisation in rapidly growing urban areas.
Keywords
intersection; microsimulation; optimization; reduce; vissim
Available Repositories
Share Article
Article Metrics
--
Views
--
Downloads
--
Citations
Full Text
Download PDF
References
  1. 1) A.Y. Nurhidayat, H. Widyastuti, Sutikno, D.P. Upahita, and A. Roschyntawati, “Impact of traffic volume on the pollution cost, value of time, and travel time cost in jakarta city centre area,” Civ. Eng. Archit., 11 (5) 3209–3220 (2023). doi:10.13189/cea.2023.110830.
  2. 2) G. Sugiyanto, “The effect of congestion pricing scheme on the generalized cost and speed of a motorcycle,” Walailak J. Sci. Technol., 15 (1) 95–106 (2018). doi:10.48048/wjst.2018.2347.
  3. 3) Y. Perez, and F.H. Pereira, “Simulation of traffic light disruptions in street networks,” Phys. A Stat. Mech. Its Appl., 582 126225 (2021). doi:10.1016/j.physa.2021.126225.
  4. 4) M.M. Bandi, and V. George, “Microsimulation modelling in vissim on short-term and long-term improvements for mangalore city road network,” Transp. Res. Procedia, 48 (2018) 2725–2743 (2020). doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2020.08.243.
  5. 5) Y. Zhang, and R. Su, “An optimization model and traffic light control scheme for heterogeneous traffic systems,” Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol., 124 (January) 102911 (2021). doi:10.1016/j.trc.2020.102911.
  6. 6) Supiyono, L. Djakfar, and A. Wicaksono, “Effect of the countdown timer on driver conduct when a yellow flight is displayed at an intersection,” Evergreen, 11 (2) 1148–1156 (2024). doi:10.5109/7183417.
  7. 7) H. Widyastuti, A.Y. Nurhidayat, A. Soimun, C. Setyarini, N. El Hafizh, and A. Leliana, “Analysis of mode transportation performance and satisfaction level of jenggala commuter line (sidoarjo-mojokerto),” MATEC Web Conf., 181 (2018). doi:10.1051/matecconf/201818103003.
  8. 8) D.Y.F.C. Hasibuan, and Muchammad Zaenal Muttaqin, “Performance analysis of sibuhuan market intersection, padang lawas regency, north sumatera,” J. Saintis, 21 (01) 53–60 (2021). doi:10.25299/saintis.2021.vol21(01).6507.
  9. 9) A.Y. Nurhidayat, A. Roschyntawati, S.P. Primadiyanti, D.P. Upahita, and T. Fiantika, “Impact of traffic volume on vehicle operation cost after covid-19 pandemic in dki jakarta,” Evergreen, 11 (3) 2458–2467 (2024). doi:10.5109/7236888.
  10. 10) Y.N.R. Hendra, R. Pujiwat, M.M.T. Sampetoding, D.P. Utomo, Sucipto, H. Putra, D. Arianto, W.P. Humang, and M.I.A. Saputro, “Traffic congestion management in south tangerang city as an effort to conserve energy in the transportation sector,” Evergreen, 11 (4) 3595–3605 (2024). doi:10.5109/7326992
  11. 11) A.A.N.A.J. Wikrama, “Signalized intersection performance analysis (case study of teuku umar barat street- gunung salak street),” 15 (1) (2011). https://doi.org/10.37680/almikraj.v5i2.6964 [DOI]
  12. 12) N. Rorong, L. Elisabeth, and J.E. Waani, “Unsignalized intersection performance analysis,” 3 (11) (2015). https://doi.org/10.52046/jssh.v5i1.2566 [DOI]
  13. 13) L.L. Di Stasi, F. Angioi, M. Bassani, C. Diaz-Piedra, and A. Megias-Robles, “The effect of traffic light spacing and signal congruency on drivers’ responses at urban intersections,” Transp. Eng., 8 (March) 100113 (2022). doi:10.1016/j.treng.2022.100113.
  14. 14) Y. Wang, C. Zhang, P. Ji, T. Si, and Z. Zhang, “Effect of pedestrian traffic light on traffic flow accompany with pedestrian crossing,” Physica A, 576 126059 (2021). doi:10.1016/j.physa.2021.126059.
  15. 15) A.Y. Nurhidayat, A. Utami, and D.P. Upahita, “The impact of congestion pricing on public transport utilization in jakarta, indonesia,” Evergreen, 12 (4) 2058–2069 (2025). doi:10.5109/7402637.
  16. 16) Y.N.R. Hendra, D.P. Upahita, R. Pujiwat, N. Fitriana, M.I.A. Saputro, A.Y. Nurhidayat, D.P. Utomo, S. Sucipto, H. Putra, D. Arianto, M.N. Putri, M.A. Salsabilla, W.P. Humang, M.M.T. Sampetoding, and Y. Yulianta, “Identifying factors influencing public transportation use for routine and non-routine trip (case study: south tangerang city, indonesia),” Evergreen, 12 (4) 2125–2138 (2025). doi:10.5109/7402642.
  17. 17) J. McCrea, and S. Moutari, “A hybrid macroscopic-based model for traffic flow in road networks,” Eur. J. Oper. Res., 207 (2) 676–684 (2010). doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2010.05.018.
  18. 18) J.C. Spall, and D.C. Chin, “Traffic-responsive signal timing for system-wide traffic control,” Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol., 5 (3–4) 153–163 (1997). doi:10.1016/S0968-090X(97)00012-0.
  19. 19) J. García-Nieto, E. Alba, and A. Carolina Olivera, “Swarm intelligence for traffic light scheduling: application to real urban areas,” Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell., 25 (2) 274–283 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2011.04.011.
  20. 20) K. Gao, Y. Zhang, A. Sadollah, and R. Su, “Optimizing urban traffic light scheduling problem using harmony search with ensemble of local search,” Appl. Soft Comput. J., 48 359–372 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2016.07.029.
  21. 21) G. Sfeir, M. Abou-Zeid, and I. Kaysi, “Multivariate count data models for adoption of new transport modes in an organization-based context,” Transp. Policy, 91 (February) 59–75 (2020). doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.03.014.
  22. 22) S. Sarjana, H. Fachri, and D. Mustikaningsih, “Leveraging carbon footprint derivatives in challenging the effective implementation of sustainable transportation,” Evergreen, 11 (4) 3684–3692 (2024). doi:10.5109/7326999
  23. 23) H. Abou-Senna, and E. Radwan, “VISSIM/moves integration to investigate the effect of major key parameters on co2 emissions,” Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ., 21 39–46 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.trd.2013.02.003.
  24. 24) S. Roy, D. Cooper, A. Mucci, B. Sana, M. Chen, J. Castiglione, and G.D. Erhardt, “Why is traffic congestion getting worse? a decomposition of the contributors to growing congestion in san francisco-determining the role of tncs,” Case Stud. Transp. Policy, 8 (4) 1371–1382 (2020). doi:10.1016/j.cstp.2020.09.008.
  25. 25) D. Chen, J. Ignatius, D. Sun, M. Goh, and S. Zhan, “Impact of congestion pricing schemes on emissions and temporal shift of freight transport,” Transp. Res. Part E Logist. Transp. Rev., 118 (June) 77–105 (2018). doi:10.1016/j.tre.2018.07.006.
  26. 26) C.K. Tang, “The cost of traffic: evidence from the london congestion charge,” J. Urban Econ., 121 (May 2020) 103302 (2021). doi:10.1016/j.jue.2020.103302.
  27. 27) K. Wu, Y. Chen, J. Ma, S. Bai, and X. Tang, “Traffic and emissions impact of congestion charging in the central beijing urban area: a simulation analysis,” Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ., 51 203–215 (2017). doi:10.1016/j.trd.2016.06.005.
  28. 28) C. Raux, “The potential for co2 emissions trading in transport: the case of personal vehicles and freight,” Energy Effic., 3 (2) 133–148 (2010). doi:10.1007/s12053-009-9065-7.
  29. 29) Z.S. Kusharsanto, N. Maninggar, and A. Sucipto, “Electric vehicles ecosystem in indonesia: the readiness of infrastructure, policies, and stakeholders,” Evergreen, 11 (2) 1060–1067 (2024). doi:10.5109/7183402.
  30. 30) A. Rakowska, K.C. Wong, T. Townsend, K.L. Chan, D. Westerdahl, S. Ng, G. Močnik, L. Drinovec, and Z. Ning, “Impact of traffic volume and composition on the air quality and pedestrian exposure in urban street canyon,” Atmos. Environ., 98 260–270 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.073.
  31. 31) J. Currie, and R. Walker, “Traffic congestion and infant health: evidence from e-zpass,” Am. Econ. J. Appl. Econ., 3 (1) 65–90 (2011). doi:10.1257/app.3.1.65.
  32. 32) J. Lelieveld, J.S. Evans, M. Fnais, D. Giannadaki, and A. Pozzer, “The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale,” Nature, 525 (7569) 367–371 (2015). doi:10.1038/nature15371.
  33. 33) S.S. Lim, T. Vos, A.D. Flaxman, G. Danaei, K. Shibuya, H. Adair-Rohani, M. Amann, M. Ezzati, et al., “A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010,” Lancet, 380 (9859) 2224–2260 (2012). doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61766-8.
  34. 34) C.P. Green, J.S. Heywood, and M. Navarro, “Traffic accidents and the london congestion charge,” J. Public Econ., 133 11–22 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2015.10.005.
  35. 35) H. Li, D.J. Graham, and A. Majumdar, “The effects of congestion charging on road traffic casualties: a causal analysis using difference-in-difference estimation,” Accid. Anal. Prev., 49 366–377 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.aap.2012.02.013.
  36. 36) B.C. Ezell, R. Michael Robinson, P. Foytik, C. Jordan, and D. Flanagan, “Cyber risk to transportation, industrial control systems, and traffic signal controllers,” Environ. Syst. Decis., 33 (4) 508–516 (2013). doi:10.1007/s10669-013-9481-2.
  37. 37) A. Mhirech, and A. Alaoui-Ismaili, “The effect of traffic light on accident probability in open and periodic boundaries system,” Phys. A Stat. Mech. Its Appl., 434 226–231 (2015). doi:10.1016/j.physa.2015.03.050.
  38. 38) B.B. Park, and J.D. Schneeberger, “Calibration and validation case study of vissim simulation model for a coordinated actuated signal system,” (03) 185–192 (2003). doi:10.3141/1856-20
  39. 39) J. Zhao, V.L. Knoop, and M. Wang, “Microscopic traffic modeling inside intersections: interactions between drivers microscopic traffic modeling inside intersections: interactions between drivers,” (July) (2022). doi:10.1287/trsc.2022.1163.This.
  40. 40) K. Bhattacharyya, B. Maitra, and M. Boltze, “Calibration of micro-simulation model parameters for heterogeneous traffic using mode-specific performance measure,” Transp. Res. Rec., (2020). doi:10.1177/0361198119900130.
  41. 41) A. Stevanovic, J. Stevanovic, K. Zhang, and S. Batterman, “Optimizing traffic control to reduce fuel consumption and vehicular emissions integrated approach with vissim, cmem, and visgaost,” Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board, 105–113 (2009). doi:10.3141/2128-11.
  42. 42) S.H. Kamble, T. V Mathew, and G.K. Sharma, “Development of real-world driving cycle: case study of pune, india,” Transp. Res. Part D, 14 (2) 132–140 (2009). doi:10.1016/j.trd.2008.11.008.
  43. 43) O.F. Suryaningsih, H. Hermansyah, and E. Kurniati, “Signalized intersection performance analysis (case study hasanuddin street-kamboja street, sumbawa besar),” INERSIALN civil and architecture., 16 (1) 74–84 (2020). doi:10.21831/inersia.v16i1.31317.
  44. 44) M. Kools, R.A.C. Ruiter, M.W.J. Van De Wiel, and G. Kok, “The effects of headings in information mapping on search speed and evaluation of a brief health education text,” J. Inf. Sci., 34 (6) 833–844 (2008). doi:10.1177/0165551508089719.
  45. 45) O.Z. Tamin, “Transportation Planning and Modeling,” 2000.
  46. 46) Z. Zhu, S. Chen, Y. Yang, A. Hu, and X. Zheng, “VISSIM simulation based expressway exit control modes research,” Procedia Eng., 137 738–746 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.01.311.
  47. 47) C.M. Weyland, M. V. Baumann, H.S. Buck, and P. Vortisch, “Parameters influencing lane flow distribution on multilane freeways in ptv vissim,” Procedia Comput. Sci., 184 (2019) 453–460 (2021). doi:10.1016/j.procs.2021.03.057.
  48. 48) E. Nyame-Baafi, C.A. Adams, and K.K. Osei, “Volume warrants for major and minor roads left-turning traffic lanes at unsignalized t-intersections: a case study using vissim modelling,” J. Traffic Transp. Eng. (English Ed., 5 (5) 417–428 (2018). doi:10.1016/j.jtte.2018.01.005.
Other Papers in This Issue