EVERGREEN

Joint Journal of Novel Carbon Resource Sciences and Green Asia Strategy

ISSN:2189-0420 (Print until Mar 2020)
ISSN:2432-5953 (Online)

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Integrating Lean and Green Strategies and Their Effect on Manufacturing Industry Performance: An Empirical Study

Rajesh Kumar1,*, Ashwini Kumar1, Rajender Kumar1,2,3
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad 121003, Haryana, India
2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University) Dehradun 248002, India
3Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura,140401, Punjab, India
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
E-mail: rajeshybm14@gmail.com (RK)
Evergreen, Vol. 12, Iss. 04, pp. 1929–1945, 2025
DOI: 10.5109/7402626
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Received: April 25, 2025 | Revised: September 02, 2025 | Accepted: November 18, 2025 | Published: December 2025
Abstract
This empirical study investigates the integration of Lean and Green manufacturing strategies in 160 Indian manufacturing industries using a structured questionnaire. Statistical techniques including reliability analysis (Cronbach's alpha > 0.65), correlation (significant at 5% level), z-test, and hierarchical regression were applied. Results indicate that lean strategies (mean = 3.44) are more prioritized than green strategies (mean = 3.22), with cost savings (mean = 4.15) and profit enhancement (mean = 3.60) as major economic benefits. TPM was found to significantly moderate the relationship between Lean-Green implementation and performance outcomes, improving economic performance by 29.7% and environmental performance by 26.5%. These findings support the integration of TPM in lean-green frameworks to achieve operational excellence and sustainability
Keywords
ANOVA; Cronbach's alpha; hierarchical regression; Lean-Green approach; Survey; TPM
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