EVERGREEN

Joint Journal of Novel Carbon Resource Sciences and Green Asia Strategy

ISSN:2189-0420 (Print until Mar 2020)
ISSN:2432-5953 (Online)

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CFD-Based Thermal Analysis and Experimental Validation of Pipe Materials in Earth Air Heat Exchangers for Energy-Efficient Buildings

Saifullah Zaphar1,*, Sandeep Yadav2, Sumit Kumar2, Ajay Kumar3, Jitendra Kumar4, Sandeep Kumar5
1School of Renewable Energy and Efficiency, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India
2Department of Mechanical Engineering, JB Institute of Technology, India
3Department of Chemistry, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, India
4Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, UIT, Uttaranchal University, India
5Department of Management, JB Institute of Technology, India
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
E-mail: saifullah_61900089@nitkkr.ac.in (SZ)
Received: May 24, 2025 | Revised: June 20, 2025 | Accepted: July 07, 2025 | Published: December 2025
Abstract
The Earth Air Heat Exchanger (EAHE) harnesses geothermal energy to reduce cooling needs in the summer and heating demands in the winter. A heat transfer analysis was conducted using CFD Fluent’s heating and cooling models to evaluate the performance of EAHE systems made from different pipe materials. The model is validated through experimental data collected from a test setup located in Ajmer, Western India, showing a strong correlation between simulation and real-world results. The thermal efficiency of helical pipe configurations made from various materials was assessed using CFD, focusing on changes in air temperature, the extent of heat exchange between the air and surrounding soil, and the thermal behavior at the knee point. During heating mode, a maximum air temperature rise of 13.56ºC was observed for air through copper and steel pipes, while a minimum temperature rise of 12.32ºC was achieved by air through an asbestos cement pipe. On the other hand, during the cooling of air maximum temperature drop of 19.68ºC was observed through the steel pipe, whereas a minimum temperature drop of 17.91ºC was observed for air through the asbestos pipe. During heating, the difference in temperature rise of the air through the poorest and best performing pipes is 1.24ºC, while during cooling, the difference in temperature drop of the worst performing and best performing pipes is 1.77ºC.
Keywords
cooling; earth air heat exchanger; heating; helical pipe; pipe material
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