A Modal Analysis-Based Cloud-Shaped Flexible Two-Element CPW-Fed Antenna for 5G Wireless Applications
1Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
2Department of Mechatronics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
3Department of Information and Communication Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
4School of Electronics, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 452001, Madhya Pradesh, India
5Department of Aeronautical & Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
E-mail: tanweer.ali.example@university.edu (TA)
E-mail: tanweer.ali.example@university.edu (TA)
Received: September 27, 2024 | Revised: April 17, 2025 | Accepted: April 24, 2025 | Published: June 2025
Abstract
This article presents a highly flexible coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed MIMO antenna that consists of a cloud-shaped modified circular radiator, and a connected self-isolating decoupling structure. The antenna has an overall size of 0.468λ×0.819λ×0.0013λ (λ is computed at 3.9 GHz) with a bandwidth of 3.90-5.13 GHz. Characteristic mode analysis (CMA) is investigated to understand the proposed antenna's physical nature. The antenna offers a peak gain of 4.1 dBi at the resonant frequency (4.6 GHz) and an average efficiency of 89% throughout the operating range. MIMO diversity metrics also show favorable results suitable for wireless applications
Keywords
CMA ; 5G ; CPW ; multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO)
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