The increasing production of palm oil mill effluent (POME), which contains pollutants, causes serious environmental problems. The POME treatment can be carried out biologically process by using microalgae, it’s called phycoremediation. Biorefineries produced from microalgae biomass cultivated on POME have been widely observed by researchers and found to be very promising. Another alternative to utilizing biomass from treated POME is smart aquaculture and eco-farming. There is no published literature on the integration of these two systems. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to provide the available literature on bioremediation and phycoremediation of POME, to assess the potential reuse of POME treated for integrated smart aquaculture and eco-farming to highlight scientific and regulatory gaps and implementation obstacles. Based on the data and information gathered regarding the large amount of POME in Indonesia and other countries, the adoption of large-scale smart aquaculture and eco-farming is particularly helpful, as monitoring can be done promptly and efficiently. The implementation of new model smart farming systems in developing nations requires greater support from the government at the low farm level and the business sector. This review can be utilized to advance the state of the art in environmental sustainability of POME remediation systems.