EVERGREEN

Joint Journal of Novel Carbon Resource Sciences and Green Asia Strategy

ISSN:2189-0420 (Print until Mar 2020)
ISSN:2432-5953 (Online)

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Opportunity of Smart Aquaculture and Eco-Farming Integration in POME Bioremediation and Phycoremediation System for Environmental Sustainability

Handayani1,*, Arif Dwi Santoso1, Ira Nurhayati Djarot1, Amita Indah Sitomurni1, Akhmad Rifai1, Abdul Aziz1, Taslim Rochmadi1, Netty Widyastuti1, Heri Apriyanto1, Djatmiko Pinardi2
1Research Center for Sustainable Production System and Life Cycle Assessment, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
2Research Center for Horticulture and Plantation, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
E-mail: handayani.example@university.edu (H)
Evergreen, Vol. 12, Iss. 02, pp. 903–931, 2025
DOI: 10.5109/7363484
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Received: October 11, 2024 | Revised: March 19, 2025 | Accepted: May 26, 2025 | Published: June 2025
Abstract
The increasing production of palm oil mill effluent (POME), which contains pollutants, causes serious environmental problems. The POME treatment can be carried out biologically process by using microalgae, it’s called phycoremediation. Biorefineries produced from microalgae biomass cultivated on POME have been widely observed by researchers and found to be very promising. Another alternative to utilizing biomass from treated POME is smart aquaculture and eco-farming. There is no published literature on the integration of these two systems. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to provide the available literature on bioremediation and phycoremediation of POME, to assess the potential reuse of POME treated for integrated smart aquaculture and eco-farming to highlight scientific and regulatory gaps and implementation obstacles. Based on the data and information gathered regarding the large amount of POME in Indonesia and other countries, the adoption of large-scale smart aquaculture and eco-farming is particularly helpful, as monitoring can be done promptly and efficiently. The implementation of new model smart farming systems in developing nations requires greater support from the government at the low farm level and the business sector. This review can be utilized to advance the state of the art in environmental sustainability of POME remediation systems.
Keywords
bioremediation ; microalgae ; biorefinery ; phycoremediation ; Palm Oil Mill Effluent ; smart aquaculture ; eco-farming
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